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Geotechnical engineering, also known as geotechnics, is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. It uses the principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to solve its engineering problems. It also relies on knowledge of geology, hydrology, geophysics, and other related sciences.
Materials science is a highly active area of research. Together with materials science departments, physics, chemistry, and many engineering departments are involved in materials research. Materials research covers a broad range of topics; the following non-exhaustive list highlights a few important research areas.
Hydrology – The science of applying engineering techniques to the properties of the Earth's water, especially its movement in relation to land. Satellite navigation – Any system that uses satellite radio signals to provide. autonomous geo-spatial positioning; Remote sensing – Acquisition of information at a significant distance from the ...
Economic geology – Science concerned with earth materials of economic value; Engineering geology – Application of geology to engineering practice; Environmental geology – Science of the practical application of geology in environmental problems. Geochemistry – Science that applies chemistry to analyze geological systems
The history of materials science is the study of how different materials were used and developed through the history of Earth and how those materials affected the culture of the peoples of the Earth. The term " Silicon Age " is sometimes used to refer to the modern period of history during the late 20th to early 21st centuries.
A material property is an intensive property of a material, i.e., a physical property or chemical property that does not depend on the amount of the material. These quantitative properties may be used as a metric by which the benefits of one material versus another can be compared, thereby aiding in materials selection.
Mineral physics is the science of materials that compose the interior of planets, particularly the Earth. It overlaps with petrophysics , which focuses on whole-rock properties. It provides information that allows interpretation of surface measurements of seismic waves , gravity anomalies , geomagnetic fields and electromagnetic fields in terms ...
The transition between the inner core and outer core is located approximately 5,150 km (3,200 mi) beneath Earth's surface. Earth's inner core is the innermost geologic layer of the planet Earth. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 km (760 mi), which is about 19% of Earth's radius [0.7% of volume] or 70% of the Moon's radius.