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The first medical use of fumaric acid was described in 1959 by Walter Schweckendiek, a German chemist, [15] and was a topical formulation for psoriasis. The Swiss company Fumapharm eventually brought Fumaderm, an oral formulation of dimethyl fumarate (along with some monoesters) to market for psoriasis in Germany in 1994.
Another set of treatments for moderate to severe psoriasis are fumaric acid esters (FAE), which may be similar in effectiveness to methotrexate. [108] Apremilast (Otezla, Celgene) is an oral small-molecule inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 4, which plays an important role in chronic inflammation associated with psoriasis. [109]
Fumaric acid or trans-butenedioic acid is an organic compound with the formula HO 2 CCH=CHCO 2 H. A white solid, fumaric acid occurs widely in nature. It has a fruit-like taste and has been used as a food additive. Its E number is E297. [3] The salts and esters are known as fumarates. Fumarate can also refer to the C 4 H 2 O 2− 4 ion (in ...
XenoPort Reports Favorable Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of XP23829, a Novel Fumaric Acid Ester, in Phase 1 Trial Intends to Advance Development for Potential RRMS and/or Psoriasis Treatment ...
Hypochlorous acid acts as a mild antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent to help kill harmful bacteria and reduce irritation on the skin, says Azadeh Shirazi, M.D., board-certified dermatologist at ...
Hone Health shares 9 food categories that can help women ... Hot flashes—officially called vasomotor menopausal symptoms—come on with little warning. ... Another theory is the high levels of ...
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An ester of carboxylic acid. R stands for any group (organic or inorganic) and R′ stands for organyl group. In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which the hydrogen atom (H) of at least one acidic hydroxyl group (−OH) of that acid is replaced by an organyl group (−R).