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This article is about the optic chiasm of vertebrates, which is the best known nerve chiasm, but not every chiasm denotes a crossing of the body midline (e.g., in some invertebrates, see Chiasm (anatomy)). A midline crossing of nerves inside the brain is called a decussation (see Definition of types of crossings).
The Robo proteins are critical regulators of midline crossing across species. In Drosophila embryos, Robo1 and Robo2 are required to keep ipsilaterally projecting axons from inappropriately crossing the midline, and to prevent contralateral axons from remaining stuck at the midline. Robo3, while it also binds Slit, does not appear to play a ...
Decussation is used in biological contexts to describe a crossing (due to the shape of the Roman numeral for ten, an uppercase 'X' , from Latin decem 'ten' and as 'as'). In Latin anatomical terms, the form decussatio is used, e.g. decussatio pyramidum. Similarly, the anatomical term chiasma is named after the Greek uppercase 'Χ' .
These birds stand anywhere from 3.5 to 4.3 feet and can weigh anywhere from 50-90 pounds. You can tell them apart from other penguins by their distinct black and white plumage.
Axon guidance (also called axon pathfinding) is a subfield of neural development concerning the process by which neurons send out axons to reach their correct targets. Axons often follow very precise paths in the nervous system, and how they manage to find their way so accurately is an area of ongoing research.
“This allows parents to save their breath if kids aren’t ready to listen,” she continues. “At the same time, kids will know their parents are available for support and have ideas.”
The lateral corticospinal tract neurons cross the midline at the level of the medulla oblongata, and controls the limbs and digits. [1] [3] The lateral tract forms about 90% of connections in the corticospinal tract; [2] the vast majority cross over in the medulla, while the rest (about 2-3%) remain ipsilateral. The anterior corticospinal tract ...
An 11-year-old girl who was taken to a hospital in critical condition after attempting to save her 12-year-old classmate's life when he fell through the surface of an icy upstate New York lake has ...