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A flare or decoy flare is an aerial infrared countermeasure used by an aircraft to counter an infrared homing ("heat-seeking") surface-to-air missile or air-to-air missile. Flares are commonly composed of a pyrotechnic composition based on magnesium or another hot-burning metal, with burning temperature equal to or hotter than engine exhaust.
There is one optical sensor converter for each side of the aircraft. They have an infrared camera for detecting incoming missiles. The Optical modules since version AAR-47(V)2 include a laser warning sensor, and versions since AAR-47A(V)2 further incorporate an ultraviolet sensor for improved dynamic blanking laser warning detection.
The ALE-47 is integrated with the aircraft's radar warning receivers, missile warning receivers and other electronic warfare sensors.When the aircraft's sensors detect a threat, the countermeasure dispenser system automatically launches radiofrequency and infrared countermeasures at the optimum time to defeat incoming missiles.
A Royal Air Force Boeing E-3 Sentry over North Yorkshire. An airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) system is an airborne radar early warning system designed to detect aircraft, ships, vehicles, missiles and other incoming projectiles at long ranges, as well as performing command and control of the battlespace in aerial engagements by informing and directing friendly fighter and attack ...
Target indicators, also known as target markers or TI's for short, were flares used by the RAF's Bomber Command during World War II. TIs were normally dropped by Pathfinders onto the target, providing an easily seen visual aiming point for the following "main force" of bombers to aim at. After their introduction, the use of TIs expanded to ...
The Joint Land Attack Cruise Missile Defense Elevated Netted Sensor System, or JLENS (colloquially, Spy Balloon), [1] was a tethered aerial detection system designed to track boats, ground vehicles, [2] cruise missiles, manned and unmanned aircraft (airborne early warning and control), and other threats [specify].
Illumination flares being used during military training exercises Flares being fired from a ship during a fleet review. A flare, also sometimes called a fusée, fusee, or bengala, [1] [2] bengalo [3] in several European countries, is a type of pyrotechnic that produces a bright light or intense heat without an explosion.
The most common method of infrared countermeasure is deploying flares, as the heat produced by the flares creates hundreds of targets for the missile. Conventional man-portable air defense systems -launched missiles include an infrared sensor that is sensitive to heat, for example the heat emitted from an aircraft engine. The missile is ...
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