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Examples of XY tables include the XY axes of milling machines or precision positioning stages. At least one of the linear stages of cantilevered Cartesian coordinate robots is supported at only one end. Cantilevered construction provides accessibility to parts for pick-and-place applications such as laboratory automation for example.
The first numerically controlled manipulators (NC machines) were developed by Parsons Corp. and the MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory, for milling applications. These machines position a cutting tool relative to a Cartesian coordinate system using three mutually perpendicular linear actuators (prismatic P joints), with (PP)P joint topology.
Task analysis is a fundamental tool of human factors engineering.It entails analyzing how a task is accomplished, including a detailed description of both manual and mental activities, task and element durations, task frequency, task allocation, task complexity, environmental conditions, necessary clothing and equipment, and any other unique factors involved in or required for one or more ...
An axis of rotation is set up that is perpendicular to the plane of motion of the particle, and passing through this origin. Then, at the selected moment t, the rate of rotation of the co-rotating frame Ω is made to match the rate of rotation of the particle about this axis, dφ/dt. Next, the terms in the acceleration in the inertial frame are ...
An example of a wrist singularity is when the path through which the robot is traveling causes the first and third axes of the robot's wrist (i.e. robot's axes 4 and 6) to line up. The second wrist axis then attempts to spin 180° in zero time to maintain the orientation of the end effector. Another common term for this singularity is a "wrist ...
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For example. a square has four axes of symmetry, because there are four different ways to fold it and have the edges match each other. Another example would be that of a circle, which has infinitely many axes of symmetry passing through its center for the same reason. [10] If the letter T is reflected along a vertical axis, it appears the same.
A system of skew coordinates is a curvilinear coordinate system where the coordinate surfaces are not orthogonal, [1] in contrast to orthogonal coordinates.. Skew coordinates tend to be more complicated to work with compared to orthogonal coordinates since the metric tensor will have nonzero off-diagonal components, preventing many simplifications in formulas for tensor algebra and tensor ...