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Fingering charts can be found for example in this reference. [1] In the case of finger systems for the clarinet, which are based on the Oehler system, one speaks today mostly of the German system, and of finger systems that are based on the Boehm system (clarinet), of the French system.
It often contains fingering charts, scales, exercises, and occasionally etudes. These exercises are often presented in different keys in ascending order to aid in difficulty, known as methodical progression, or to focus on isolated aspects like fluency, rhythm , dynamics , and articulation .
A substitute fingering is an alternative to the indicated fingering, not to be confused with finger substitution. Depending on the instrument, not all the fingers may be used. For example, saxophonists do not use the right thumb and string instruments (usually) only use the fingers and not the thumbs.
As with stringed instruments, finger substitution is used for a variety of reasons on piano passages. The technique is often used to create a connected, flowing legato phrasing, or smooth out sequence of consecutive thirds. For complex passages, finger substitution is sometimes used to make a fingering pattern more consistent and easy to remember.
Some flutes include a sixth key known as the "Long F" key which provides alternative fingering which may be useful in certain passages of music. It is a similar shape and size to the C key, but runs along the front of the flute and is placed next to the G ♯ key and is also operated by the little finger of the left hand.
The Albert system refers to a system of clarinet keywork and fingering developed by Eugène Albert. In the United Kingdom, it is known as the simple system. It has been largely replaced by the Boehm system and Oehler system. Big Band musician Jimmy Dorsey used a clarinet outfitted with the Albert system.
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This chart is a general guide, but by no means a definitive or complete fingering chart for the recorder, an impossible task. Rather, it is the basis for a much more complex fingering system, which is still being added to today. Some fonts show miniature glyphs of complete recorder fingering charts in TrueType format. [51]