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This is more common in TCF bleaching sequences for two reasons: the acidic chlorine or chlorine dioxide stages tend to remove metal ions (metal ions usually being more soluble at lower pH), and TCF stages rely more heavily on oxygen-based bleaching agents, which are more susceptible to the detrimental effects of these metal ions.
Elemental chlorine free (ECF) is a technique that uses chlorine dioxide for the bleaching of wood pulp.It does not use elemental chlorine gas during the bleaching process and prevents the formation of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, carcinogens.
The principal example is tert-butyl hypochlorite, which is a useful chlorinating agent. [3] Most hypochlorite salts are handled as aqueous solutions. Their primary applications are as bleaching, disinfection, and water treatment agents. They are also used in chemistry for chlorination and oxidation reactions.
The hypochlorites in liquid bleach and bleaching powder can react with ammonia to form a number of products, including monochloramine (NH 2 Cl), then dichloramine (NHCl 2) and finally nitrogen trichloride (NCl 3). Similar reactions may occur with amines or related compounds and biological materials (such as urine). The result depends on the ...
Trichloroisocyanuric acid is an organic compound with the formula (CONCl) 3.It is used as an industrial disinfectant, bleaching agent and a reagent in organic synthesis. [1] [2] [3] This white crystalline powder, which has a strong "chlorine odour," is sometimes sold in tablet or granule form for domestic and industrial use.
This bond is easily broken, giving rise to very reactive oxygen species, which are the active agents of this type of bleach. The main products in this class are: Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). It is used, for example, to bleach wood pulp and hair or to prepare other bleaching agents like perborates, percarbonates, peracids, etc. Sodium ...
In pH testing of bleach substances, sodium thiosulfate neutralizes the color-removing effects of bleach and allows one to test the pH of bleach solutions with liquid indicators. The relevant reaction is akin to the iodine reaction: thiosulfate reduces the hypochlorite (the active ingredient in bleach) and in so doing becomes oxidized to sulfate ...
Ziehl–Neelsen stain (classic and modified bleach types) [5]; Kinyoun stain; For color blind people (or in backgrounds where detecting red bacteria is difficult), Victoria blue can be substituted for carbol fuchsin and picric acid can be used as the counter stain instead of methylene blue, and the rest of the Kinyoun technique can be used.