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This is more common in TCF bleaching sequences for two reasons: the acidic chlorine or chlorine dioxide stages tend to remove metal ions (metal ions usually being more soluble at lower pH), and TCF stages rely more heavily on oxygen-based bleaching agents, which are more susceptible to the detrimental effects of these metal ions.
The traditional ECF sequence is DEopDEpD [1]: 14 using the common letter symbols for bleaching stages, [2] though many improved sequences are available. [ 1 ] : 15 Totally chlorine free (TCF) is paper that does not use any chlorine compounds for wood pulp bleaching.
The principal example is tert-butyl hypochlorite, which is a useful chlorinating agent. [3] Most hypochlorite salts are handled as aqueous solutions. Their primary applications are as bleaching, disinfection, and water treatment agents. They are also used in chemistry for chlorination and oxidation reactions.
[47] [48] It may be made by diluting household bleach as appropriate (normally 1 part bleach to 9 parts water). [49] Such solutions have been demonstrated to inactivate both C. difficile [47] and HPV. [50] "Weak chlorine solution" is a 0.05% solution of hypochlorite used for washing hands, but is normally prepared with calcium hypochlorite ...
Percent active chlorine in these materials ranges from 20% for bleaching powder to 70% for HTH. Potassium hypochlorite, KOCl. This was the first chlorine-based bleaching agent, which became available around 1785 under the name Eau de Javel or "Javel water". It is no longer commonly used, having been superseded by the cheaper sodium analog.
This bond is easily broken, giving rise to very reactive oxygen species, which are the active agents of this type of bleach. The main products in this class are: Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). It is used, for example, to bleach wood pulp and hair or to prepare other bleaching agents like perborates, percarbonates, peracids, etc. Sodium ...
Trichloroisocyanuric acid is an organic compound with the formula (CONCl) 3.It is used as an industrial disinfectant, bleaching agent and a reagent in organic synthesis. [1] [2] [3] This white crystalline powder, which has a strong "chlorine odour," is sometimes sold in tablet or granule form for domestic and industrial use.
Dichloroisocyanuric acid is an oxidizer, reacting with water to form chlorine gas. [2]Although the bleaching agent in most chlorine based bleach is sodium hypochlorite, the sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, is the active ingredient in commercial disinfectant bacteriocides, algicides, and cleaning agents [3] such as the pulverized cleanser Comet.