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Antiochus IV Epiphanes [note 1] (c. 215 BC–November/December 164 BC) [1] was king of the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until his death in 164 BC. Notable events during Antiochus' reign include his near-conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt , his persecution of the Jews of Judea and Samaria , and the rebellion of the Jewish Maccabees .
Daniel predicts the king will go insane; Antiochus's title, "Epiphanes" ("Chosen of God"), was mocked by his enemies as "Epimanes" ("Madman"), and he was known to keep odd habits. When Daniel and the Jews are threatened with death, they face it calmly, and are saved in the end, a relevant message among Jewish opposition to Antiochus IV.
Antonio Ciseri's Martyrdom of the Seven Maccabees (1863), depicting the woman with her dead sons.. The woman with seven sons was a Jewish martyr described in 2 Maccabees 7.She and her seven sons were arrested during the persecution of Judaism initiated by King Antiochus IV Epiphanes.
Enthroned Zeus (Greek, c. 100 BCE) "Abomination of desolation" [a] is a phrase from the Book of Daniel describing the pagan sacrifices with which the 2nd century BC Greek king Antiochus IV Epiphanes replaced the twice-daily offering in the Jewish temple, or alternatively the altar on which such offerings were made.
Antiochus I of Commagene 70–38 BC; Mithridates II of Commagene 38–20 BC; Mithridates III of Commagene 20–12 BC; Antiochus III of Commagene 12 BC – 17 AD; Ruled by Rome 17–38; Antiochus IV of Commagene 38–72 and wife, Julia Iotapa
Antiochus IV Epiphanes – Altes Museum, Berlin. The Book of Daniel is an apocalypse, a literary genre in which a heavenly reality is revealed to a human recipient; such works are characterized by visions, symbolism, an other-worldly mediator, an emphasis on cosmic events, angels and demons, and pseudonymity (false authorship). [12]
2 Maccabees, [note 1] also known as the Second Book of Maccabees, Second Maccabees, and abbreviated as 2 Macc., is a deuterocanonical book which recounts the persecution of Jews under King Antiochus IV Epiphanes and the Maccabean Revolt against him.
The new king of the Seleucid Empire which ruled Judea at the time, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, apparently started to auction off the position of High Priest to the highest bidder: whoever offered the most yearly tribute from the Temple in Jerusalem to the Seleucid government in Antioch could have it. It is unknown to what extent such corruption was ...