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The volumetric heat capacity of a material is the heat capacity of a sample of the substance divided by the volume of the sample. It is the amount of energy that must be added, in the form of heat , to one unit of volume of the material in order to cause an increase of one unit in its temperature .
The slope of this line is the specific growth rate of the organism, which is a measure of the number of divisions per cell per unit time. [5] The actual rate of this growth (i.e. the slope of the line in the figure) depends upon the growth conditions, which affect the frequency of cell division events and the probability of both daughter cells ...
The heat capacity is a function of the amount of heat added to a system. In the case of a constant-volume process, all the heat affects the internal energy of the system (i.e., there is no pV-work, and all the heat affects the temperature).
The pressure acts as a generalized force – pressure differences force a change in volume, and their product is the energy lost by the system due to mechanical work. Pressure is the driving force, volume is the associated displacement, and the two form a pair of conjugate variables. The above holds true only for non-viscous fluids.
The heat capacity can usually be measured by the method implied by its definition: start with the object at a known uniform temperature, add a known amount of heat energy to it, wait for its temperature to become uniform, and measure the change in its temperature.
Some types of bacteria can only grow in the presence of certain additives. This can also be used when creating engineered strains of bacteria that contain an antibiotic-resistance gene. When the selected antibiotic is added to the agar, only bacterial cells containing the gene insert conferring resistance will be able to grow.
Sometimes specific volume is expressed in terms of the number of cubic centimeters occupied by one gram of a substance. In this case, the unit is the centimeter cubed per gram (cm 3 /g or cm 3 ·g −1). To convert m 3 /kg to cm 3 /g, multiply by 1000; conversely, multiply by 0.001. Specific volume is inversely proportional to density.
The heat capacity depends on how the external variables of the system are changed when the heat is supplied. If the only external variable of the system is the volume, then we can write: d S = ( ∂ S ∂ T ) V d T + ( ∂ S ∂ V ) T d V {\displaystyle dS=\left({\frac {\partial S}{\partial T}}\right)_{V}dT+\left({\frac {\partial S}{\partial V ...