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Midazolam [6] is a benzodiazepine that acts by stimulating inhibitory GABA receptors. Effects are seen within 2–5 minutes, and last 30–60 minutes. [7] [3] Its main effect is anxiolysis, helping to reduce feelings of anxiety, and amnestic effects, helping the patient to forget memories associated with the procedure. It provides no analgesia ...
[28] [29] Midazolam is superior to diazepam in impairing memory of endoscopy procedures, but propofol has a quicker recovery time and a better memory-impairing effect. [30] It is the most popular benzodiazepine in the intensive care unit (ICU) because of its short elimination half-life , combined with its water solubility and its suitability ...
Sedation is the reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure or diagnostic procedure. Examples of drugs which can be used for sedation include isoflurane, diethyl ether, propofol, etomidate, ketamine, pentobarbital, lorazepam and midazolam. [1]
Balanced anesthesia can make patients calm by using drugs such as: medetomidine, diazepam or midazolam, and acepromazine. [18] Keeping patients calm prior to surgery can avoid the unpredictable consequences of stress, such as tachypnea, hypertension and tachycardia which may be harmful to the anesthetized patients. [18]
Amnesia is desirable during surgery, so general anaesthesia procedures are designed to induce it for the duration of the operation. Sedatives such as benzodiazepines, which are commonly used for anxiety disorders, can reduce the encoding of new memories, particularly in high doses (for example, prior to surgery in order for a person not to recall the surgery). [2]
Opioid, lidocaine and midazolam are adjuvant agents frequently administered to minimize pain during the injection of the induction agents. [ 45 ] [ 46 ] They are also used to lessen the sympathetic stress response, cough reflex during laryngoscopy or intubation , and supplement sedation by synergistic effects .
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Premedication is using medication before some other therapy (usually surgery or chemotherapy) to prepare for that forthcoming therapy.Typical examples include premedicating with a sedative or analgesic before surgery; using prophylactic (preventive) antibiotics before surgery; and using antiemetics or antihistamines before chemotherapy.