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The Old and New Testament canons did not develop independently of each other and most primary sources for the canon specify both Old and New Testament books. [ citation needed ] For the biblical scripture for both Testaments, canonically accepted in major traditions of Christendom , see § Canons of various traditions .
The Hebrew Bible (or Tanakh) consists of 24 books of the Masoretic Text recognized by Rabbinic Judaism. [14] There is no scholarly consensus as to when the Hebrew Bible canon was fixed, with some scholars arguing that it was fixed by the Hasmonean dynasty (140-40 BCE), [15] while others arguing that it was not fixed until the 2nd century CE or even later. [16]
The term Catholic Bible can be understood in two ways. More generally, it can refer to a Christian Bible that includes the whole 73-book canon recognized by the Catholic Church, including some of the deuterocanonical books (and parts of books) of the Old Testament which are in the Greek Septuagint collection, but which are not present in the Hebrew Masoretic Text collection.
The canon of the Catholic Church was affirmed by the Council of Rome (382), the Synod of Hippo (393), the Council of Carthage (397), the Council of Carthage (419), the Council of Florence (1431–1449) and finally, as an article of faith, by the Council of Trent (1545–1563) establishing the canon consisting of 46 books in the Old Testament ...
The Catholic Church considers that in the Council of Rome in 382 AD, under the Papacy of Damasus I, was defined the complete canon of the Bible, accepting 46 books for the Old Testament, including what the Reformed Churches consider as deuterocanonical books, and 27 books for the New Testament. [96]
Judaism's sacred scripture is the Hebrew Bible, known to Christians as the Old Testament. The Hebrew Bible is divided into three parts: the Torah ("Law"), the Nevi'im ("Prophets") and the Ketuvim ("Writings"). [4] The central belief of Judaism is monotheism: there is one God named Yahweh (Deuteronomy 6:4, Isaiah 44:6). [5]
First, for the first time a council of bishops listed and approved a Christian Biblical canon that corresponds to the modern Catholic canon while falling short of the Eastern Orthodox canon. The canon list approved at Hippo included books later classed by Catholics as deuterocanonical books and by Protestants as Apocrypha .
The Catholic theology of Scripture has developed much since the Second Vatican Council of Catholic Bishops ("Vatican II", 1962-1965). This article explains the theology (or understanding) of scripture that has come to dominate in the Catholic Church today. It focuses on the Church's response to various areas of study into the original meaning ...