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The name Nastaliq "is a contraction of the Persian naskh-i ta'liq (Persian: نَسْخِ تَعلیق), meaning a hanging or suspended naskh." [6] Virtually all Safavid authors (like Dust Muhammad or Qadi Ahmad) attributed the invention of nastaliq to Mir Ali Tabrizi, who lived at the end of the 14th and the beginning of the 15th century.
Note that Hindi–Urdu transliteration schemes can be used for Punjabi as well, for Gurmukhi (Eastern Punjabi) to Shahmukhi (Western Punjabi) conversion, since Shahmukhi is a superset of the Urdu alphabet (with 2 extra consonants) and the Gurmukhi script can be easily converted to the Devanagari script.
Altaf Fatima (Urdu: الطاف فاطمہ; 10 June 1927 – 29 November 2018) was a Pakistani Urdu novelist, short story writer, and teacher (specializing in Muhammad Iqbal). Altaf Fatima was born in Lucknow , she moved to Lahore during the Partition , and earned her MA and BEd from the University of Punjab . [ 2 ]
The name 'Shahmukhi' is a recent coinage, imitating its counterpart 'Gurmukhi'. [9] However, the writing of Punjabi in the Perso-Arabic script is well-attested from the 17th century onwards. [ 10 ] According to Dhavan, Punjabi began to adopt the script as a "side effect" of educational practices in Mughal -era Punjab , when Punjabi Muslims ...
In North India and Pakistan, the term nazar battu can be used idiomatically in a satiric sense to allude to people or objects which are undesirable but must be tolerated. . For instance, when it appeared that former military ruler Pervez Musharraf would insist on being accommodated institutionally as Pakistan made the transition to democracy with the 2008 general election, some press ...
Umrao Jaan Ada (Urdu: اُمراؤ جان ادا) is an Urdu novel by Mirza Hadi Ruswa (1857–1931), first published in 1899. [1] It is considered the first Urdu novel by many [2] and tells the story of a tawaif and poet by the same name from 19th century Lucknow, as recounted by her to the author.
According to Mir, Syed Sadaat Ali, a Sayyid of Amroha convinced him to pursue poetry in Urdu: [16] [17] "A Sayyid from Amroha took the trouble to put me on to writing poetry in the Urdu medium, the verse which resembled Persian poetry. Urdu was the language of Hindustan by the authority of the king and presently it was gaining currency.
The Urdu alphabet (Urdu: اُردُو حُرُوفِ تَہَجِّی, romanized: urdū ḥurūf-i tahajjī) is the right-to-left alphabet used for writing Urdu. It is a modification of the Persian alphabet , which itself is derived from the Arabic script .