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Acids and bases are used in many chemical reactions. They are responsible for most color change reaction and are used to adjust the pH of chemical solutions. Here are the names of some of the common acids and bases and the formulas associated with them.
The earliest definition of acids and bases is Arrhenius's definition which states that: An acid is a substance that forms hydrogen ions H + when dissolved in water, and A base is a substance that forms hydroxide ions OH - when dissolved in water.
The Arrhenius theory of acids and bases states that “an acid generates H + ions in a solution whereas a base produces an OH – ion in its solution”. The Bronsted-Lowry theory defines “an acid as a proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor”.
Since acids produce \(\ce{H^+}\) cations upon dissolving in water, the \(\ce{H}\) of an acid is written first in the formula of an inorganic acid. The remainder of the acid (other than the \(\ce{H}\)) is the anion after the acid dissolves.
Chemical Formula: An acid has a chemical formula with H at the beginning of it. For example, HCl (Hydrochloric Acid). There is one exception to his rule, CH3COOH = Acetic Acid (vinegar) A base has a chemical formula with OH at the end of it. For example, NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide). Examples: Acetic acid i.e.CH3COOH and Sulfuric acid
There are three major classifications of substances known as acids or bases. The Arrhenius definition states that an acid produces H + in solution and a base produces OH -. This theory was developed by Svante Arrhenius in 1883. Later, two more sophisticated and general theories were proposed.
Use this acids and bases chart to find the relative strength of the most common acids and bases. This acid-base chart includes the K a value for reference along with the chemical's formula and the acid’s conjugate base.
In this context, an acid is a substance that will dissolve in water to yield hydronium ions, H 3 O +. As an example, consider the equation shown here: HCl(aq)+H2O(aq) Cl−(aq)+H3O+(aq) HCl (a q) + H 2 O (a q) Cl − (a q) + H 3 O + (a q) The process represented by this equation confirms that hydrogen chloride is an acid.
Throughout history, chemists have created different definitions of acids and bases. Today, many people use the Brønsted-Lowry version. It describes an acid as a molecule that will give away a proton — a type of subatomic particle, sometimes called a hydrogen ion — from one of its hydrogen atoms.
Acids and bases are two types of compounds that readily react with one another. Acids are substances that donate protons (H⁺ ions) or accept electron pairs. Common examples include vinegar (acetic acid, CH₃COOH), citrus fruits (citric acid, C₆H₈O₇), and stomach acid (hydrochloric acid, HCl).