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Amphibians are ectothermic, anamniotic, four-limbed vertebrate animals that constitute the class Amphibia. In its broadest sense, it is a paraphyletic group encompassing all tetrapods excluding the amniotes (tetrapods with an amniotic membrane , such as modern reptiles , birds and mammals ).
Traditionally considered a subclass of the class Amphibia, modern classification systems recognize that labyrinthodonts are not a formal natural group exclusive of other tetrapods. Instead, they consistute an evolutionary grade (a paraphyletic group ), ancestral to living tetrapods such as lissamphibians (modern amphibians) and amniotes ...
Niche models are a notable class of CRMs which are described by the system of coupled ordinary differential equations, [7] [8] = (), =, …,, = + = (), =, …,, where (, …,) is a vector abbreviation for resource abundances, is the per-capita growth rate of species , is the growth rate of species in the absence of consumption, and is the rate per unit species population that species depletes ...
Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia . They inhabit a wide variety of habitats , with most species living within terrestrial , fossorial , arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems .
The amount of exposure to R. ondatrae cercariae appears to determine where a deformity will occur. For instance, a moderate amount of R. ondatrae can affect the forelimbs of amphibians, but a heavy parasite load does not affect the forelimbs and only causes deformities in hind limbs.
In captivity, the predatory behavior amphiuma display depends on the presence or lack of food. Amphiuma will remain inactive when food is absent, and will become more active once food has been introduced into their habitat. [12] This shows that the amphiuma, although ancestral to many amphibia, has developed a deductive approach to its predation.
The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp. ISBN 0-394-50824-6. (Chelydra serpentina, pp. 435–436 + Plates 322–324). Conant R (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. xviii + 429 ...
See the consumer behaviour article for an overview. Consumer behaviour is a multidisciplinary field which is integral to industrial psychology and aspects of household economy studied in microeconomics. Consumer behaviour also means the actions shown by consumers while making decision to select household and consumer items.