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Fusarium circinatum is a fungal plant pathogen that causes the serious disease pitch canker on pine trees and Douglas firs (Pseudotsuga menziesii).The most common hosts of the pathogen include slash pine (Pinus elliottii), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), Monterey pine (Pinus radiata), Mexican weeping pine (Pinus patula), and Douglas fir. [1]
Heart rot and other tree disease serve as factors of environmental change. This is magnified in areas that are not prone to large-scale dynamic disturbances like wildfires or are dominated by old-growth timber. In older-growth forests, trees are unable to combat heart rot effectively because they grow at a much slower pace.
This reduces yield of timber growth and weakens the tree, serving as a predisposing factor to other diseases. In several cases of infection, the disease can lead to complete mortality of the tree. Infection may take several years to severely reduce yield, as crown infection under 40% is directly proportional to the reduction in yield. [ 17 ]
The term "hazard trees" is commonly used by arborists/arboriculturists, and industry groups such as power line operators, for trees that, due to disease or other factors, are more susceptible to falling in windstorms, or having parts of the tree fall.
Humans and other mammals predate on trees, and on unsustainable, especially industrial scales, these are demonstrably pathological to the forest. Additionally, poorly planned but conventionally replanted (post-cut) forest plantations are typically monocropped , and highly susceptible to further insect or fungal infection due to low biodiversity ...
Scots pine, red pine, Mugo pine, Ponderosa pine, and Austrian pine are especially susceptible. Some spruce, fir, and cedar species are also vulnerable to infection. [ 3 ] The disease can infect trees of all ages, though trees that are physiologically stressed through water or nutrient deficiencies or wounded via extreme weather or insect damage ...
Cyclaneusma is one of the most important diseases of forests in New Zealand. A study set up in 1977 measured the disease severity of a tree stand over a six-year period. Healthy trees were shown to exhibit 100m^3/ha more stem volume than infected. [4] Projected revenue loss of lumber from diseased trees was expected to be $3200/ha.
Regarding how phytoncides affect a plant's immunity, for example, 1 hectare of pine forest will release approximately 5 kg of volatile phytoncides into the atmosphere in one day, reducing the amount of microflora in the air and essentially sterilizing the atmosphere among the forest, containing only about 200-300 bacterial cells/m 3. This ...