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This is a list of space probes that have left Earth orbit (or were launched with that intention but failed), organized by their planned destination. It includes planetary probes, solar probes, and probes to asteroids and comets, but excludes lunar missions, which are listed separately at List of lunar probes and List of Apollo missions.
Its name is a tribute to the novel and 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey. Launched: 7 April 2001; Destination: Mars; Arrival: 24 October 2001; Institution: NASA; Mars Express. Mission: Mars orbiter designed to study the planet's atmosphere and geology and search for sub-surface water. [10] In 2017 the mission was extended until at least the end ...
Because of the proximity of the Mars moons to Mars, any mission to them may also be considered a mission to Mars from some perspectives. Past missions Three missions to land on Phobos have been launched; the Soviet Phobos program in the late 1980s saw the launch of Phobos 1 and Phobos 2 , while the Russian Fobos-Grunt sample return mission was ...
The Artemis program, which Trump initiated during his first term, was quite clear that humans would be returning to the moon first, before going to Mars. However, SpaceX’s Elon Musk is now one ...
The orbiter mission has been suggested by the Planetary Science Decadal Survey to be one of three missions of the proposed Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign. [12] [14] Samples would be collected and cached by the Mars 2020 mission and would be left on the surface of Mars for possible later retrieval. [14]
These proposals are usually associated with high-budget space agencies like NASA. Mission profiles may include strategies such as flybys, landers, or other types of system encounters aimed at exploring a gas giant and its moons. The missions that were launched can be found in the list of missions to the outer planets.
Mars 1962A was a Mars flyby mission, launched on October 24, 1962, and Mars 1962B an intended first Mars lander mission, launched in late December of the same year (1962). Both failed from either breaking up as they were going into Earth orbit or having the upper stage explode in orbit during the burn to put the spacecraft into trans-Mars ...
The Parker Solar Probe concept originates in the 1958 report by the Fields and Particles Group, Committee 8 of the National Academy of Sciences' Space Science Board, [19] [20] [21] which proposed several space missions including "a solar probe to pass inside the orbit of Mercury to study the particles and fields in the vicinity of the Sun".