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As an example, weighted gene co-expression network analysis uses Pearson correlation to analyze linked gene expression and understand genetics at a systems level. [50] Another measure of correlation is linkage disequilibrium. Linkage disequilibrium describes the non-random association of genetic sequences among loci in a given chromosome. [51]
This is especially helpful in metabolomics, a branch of systems biology that uses mass spectrometry to measure metabolite distribution information, then uses the measured intensity to construct an image. [35] Popular software tools used in systems biology modeling include massPy, Cytosim, and PySB.
A horizontal cladogram, with the root to the left Two vertical cladograms, the root at the bottom. A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.
The graphs can be used together to determine the economic equilibrium (essentially, to solve an equation). Simple graph used for reading values: the bell-shaped normal or Gaussian probability distribution, from which, for example, the probability of a man's height being in a specified range can be derived, given data for the adult male population.
An example of a Lineweaver–Burk plot of 1/v against 1/a In biochemistry , the Lineweaver–Burk plot (or double reciprocal plot ) is a graphical representation of the Michaelis–Menten equation of enzyme kinetics , described by Hans Lineweaver and Dean Burk in 1934.
The idea of a tree of life arose from ancient notions of a ladder-like progression from lower into higher forms of life (such as in the Great Chain of Being).Early representations of "branching" phylogenetic trees include a "paleontological chart" showing the geological relationships among plants and animals in the book Elementary Geology, by Edward Hitchcock (first edition: 1840).
Figure 1. Example of a biological network between genes and proteins that controls entry into S phase. However, with knowledge of network interactions and a set of parameters for the proteins and protein interactions (usually obtained through empirical research), it is often possible to construct a model of the network as a dynamical system.
A graph or chart or diagram is a diagrammatical illustration of a set of data. If the graph is uploaded as an image file, it can be placed within articles just like any other image. Graphs must be accurate and convey information efficiently. They should be viewable at different computer screen resolutions.