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The force of gravity (red), the buoyancy force (green), and the resultant centripetal force (blue) In the following discussion, represents the acceleration due to gravity, represents the angular speed of the liquid's rotation, in radians per second, is the mass of an infinitesimal parcel of liquid material on the surface of the liquid, is the distance of the parcel from the axis of rotation ...
Flow in phase space specified by the differential equation of a pendulum. On the horizontal axis, the pendulum position, and on the vertical one its velocity. In mathematics, a flow formalizes the idea of the motion of particles in a fluid. Flows are ubiquitous in science, including engineering and physics.
Space velocity may refer to: Space velocity (astronomy) , the velocity of a star in the galactic coordinate system Space velocity (chemistry) , the relation between volumetric flow rate and reactor volume in a chemical reactor
In mathematics, the Navier–Stokes equations are a system of nonlinear partial differential equations for abstract vector fields of any size. In physics and engineering, they are a system of equations that model the motion of liquids or non-rarefied gases (in which the mean free path is short enough so that it can be thought of as a continuum mean instead of a collection of particles) using ...
This article is a list of notable unsolved problems in astronomy. Problems may be theoretical or experimental. Theoretical problems result from inability of current theories to explain observed phenomena or experimental results. Experimental problems result from inability to test or investigate a proposed theory.
In dispersive media the phase velocity is not necessarily the same as the group velocity. The phase velocity varies with frequency. The phase velocity is the rate at which the phase of the wave propagates in space. The group velocity is the rate at which the wave envelope, i.e. the changes in amplitude, propagates. The wave envelope is the ...
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Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.