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The efficiency of a conventional steam–electric power plant, defined as energy produced by the plant divided by the heating value of the fuel consumed by it, is typically 33 to 48%, limited as all heat engines are by the laws of thermodynamics (See: Carnot cycle). The rest of the energy must leave the plant in the form of heat.
Dry steam stations are the simplest and oldest design. There are few power stations of this type, because they require a resource that produces dry steam, but they are the most efficient, with the simplest facilities. [25] At these sites, there may be liquid water present in the reservoir, but only steam, not water, is produced to the surface. [25]
Pacific Gas and Electric opened the US' first commercial geothermal power plant at The Geysers in California in September 1960, initially producing eleven megawatts of net power. The Geysers system grew into the world's largest, with an output of 750 MW. [3] It exploits the largest dry steam field, 116 km (72 mi) north of San Francisco. [4]
Drawing steam from the Mindanao Geothermal Production Field, [3] the power station is situated near the foot of Mount Apo and has a power output of 106 MW. It is currently part of the Mindanao Grid that supplies electricity to Kidapawan and Davao Region. Impounds: Mount Apo. Turbines: Dry Steam Power Plant 54.24 megawatts
A thermal power station, also known as a thermal power plant, is a type of power station in which the heat energy generated from various fuel sources (e.g., coal, natural gas, nuclear fuel, etc.) is converted to electrical energy. [1]
The Geysers is the world's largest geothermal field, containing a complex of 18 geothermal power plants, drawing steam from more than 350 wells, located in the Mayacamas Mountains approximately 72 miles (116 km) north of San Francisco, California.
Darajat Georhermal Power Plant Complex is a geothermal power plant situated in District Pasirwangi, Garut, West Java, roughly 150 kilometres (93 mi) south-east of Jakarta. The complex is in the Mt Kendang area, where 2000 meters above ocean level on the volcanic mountains.
As well as greenhouse gases, these power plants emit nitrogen oxides (NOx) [20] but this is less dangerous than NOx from gas appliances in houses. [21] The efficiency of gas-fired power plants can be improved by co-generation and geothermal (combined heat and power) methods. Process steam can be extracted from steam turbines.