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Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), also known as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuel-cell applications and portable fuel-cell applications. Their distinguishing features include lower temperature/pressure ranges (50 to ...
Whereas the common PEM fuel cell, also called Low Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (LT-PEM), must usually be operated with hydrogen with high purity of more than 99.9 % the HT-PEM fuel cell is less sensitive to impurities and thus is typically operated with reformate gas with hydrogen concentration of about 50 to 75 %.
These fuel cells have a wide variety of commercial and military applications including in the aerospace, automotive, and energy industries. [9] [16] Early PEM fuel cell applications were focused within the aerospace industry. The then-higher capacity of fuel cells compared to batteries made them ideal as NASA's Project Gemini began to target ...
English: Department of Energy's Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Program Fuel cell comparison chart. This shows a summary of the different types of fuel cells. Materials on the EERE Web site are in the public domain.
File information Description Description of the various losses associated with the operation of a PEM electrolysis cell Source I wrote the computer simulation that generates such plots. Date 2013.05.28 Author Davidlfritz. Permission (Reusing this file) See below.
Ruthenium and platinum are often used together, if carbon monoxide (CO) is a product of the electro-chemical reaction as CO poisons the PEM and impacts the efficiency of the fuel cell. Due to the high cost of these and other similar materials, research is being undertaken to develop catalysts that use lower cost materials as the high costs are ...
Fuel cells are classified by the type of electrolyte they use and by the difference in start-up time ranging from 1 second for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEM fuel cells, or PEMFC) to 10 minutes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). A related technology is flow batteries, in which the fuel can be regenerated by recharging.
standard off-the-shelf PEM fuel cell systems available from 10W to 5 kW, or customized fuel cell system configurations up to 150 kW; premium H-1000XP 1 kW stacks with peak efficiency of 59% proven during testing at Shell Eco-Marathon in Asia; ultra-light and compact Aerospace from 200W to 1,000W. fuel cell powered Hydro car