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The borrowing of connoisseur into English predates this change; the modern French spelling is connaisseur. étois → étais (was) The spelling of some plural words whose singular form ended in D and T was modified to reinsert this mute consonant, so as to bring the plural in morphological alignment with the singular.
French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language.It is based on a combination of phonemic and historical principles. The spelling of words is largely based on the pronunciation of Old French c. 1100 –1200 AD, and has stayed more or less the same since then, despite enormous changes to the pronunciation of the language in the intervening years.
French also shows enormous phonetic changes between the Old French period and the modern language. Spelling, however, has barely changed, which accounts for the wide differences between current spelling and pronunciation. Some of the most profound changes have been: The loss of almost all final consonants.
[PLC 1] Adopted by both houses, the referendum of 27 April 1969 rejected (52.4% no, Charles de Gaulle, taking note of the refusal of the French people, immediately resigned). Regionalization was finally put into place via legislation, notably in 1972 and a 2003 constitutional revision which constitutionalized the region.
LSE, Langage Symbolique d'Enseignement, a French, pedagogical, programming language designed in the 1970s at Supélec. [250] Ada (multi-paradigm) by Jean Ichbiah (who also created LIS and Green) in 1980. [251] Caml (OCaml by Xavier Leroy, Damien Doligez) developed at INRIA and formerly at ENS since 1985. [252] Eiffel (object-oriented) by ...
France since the Popular Front: Government and People 1936-1996. (1997). ISBN 0-19-873151-5; Northcutt, Wayne. Historical Dictionary of the French Fourth and Fifth Republics, 1946-1991 (1992) Rioux, Jean-Pierre, and Godfrey Rogers. The Fourth Republic, 1944-1958 (1989) (The Cambridge History of Modern France) Williams, Charles.
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[51] [52] [54] Moreover, the fixed exchange rate between the CFA Franc and the French franc has changed only once in 1994 when the CFA franc was considered overvalued. [ 52 ] [ 53 ] [ 51 ] However, this monetary arrangement has enabled France to control the money supply of the CFA franc and to influence the decision-making process of the ...