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A study published in Biology Letters estimated that they have a maximum lifespan of over 100 years and that the lifespan of an average adult is around 68.5 years. When compared to the longevity and body mass of other amphibians, olms are outliers , living longer than would be predicted from their size.
Unlike other salamanders, whose larvae are developed in water, the alpine salamander and its subspecies are a fully terrestrial species in life and gestation. [8] They give birth to live young. [9] Alpine salamanders produce toxic compounds from their skin. [8] These compounds may protect them from both predator and microbial threats. [10] [11 ...
Once fully metamorphosed, they leave the water and live a terrestrial life, when they are known as "efts." [12] [13] Only when the eft reaches adulthood will the North American species return to live in water, rarely venturing back onto the land. Conversely, most European species live their adult lives on land and only visit water to breed. [14]
Life expectancy in the German states in 2021/2023 for male [1] [2] Life expectancy in the German states in 2021/2023 for female [1] [3] The official statistics of Germany, available on the Destatis website, do not include total life expectancy for the population as a whole.
Water supply in Germany is continuous, at good pressure, and drinking water quality is excellent, as evidenced by the universal compliance with the EU drinking water directive. Wastewater treatment is universal. 94 percent of municipal wastewater is treated according to the highest EU standards including nutrient elimination, a much higher ...
Water must make extended contact with the eggs in order for them to begin hatching. [14] A marbled salamander larva. However, it has been observed that females may abandon their eggs before flooding occurs. [15] Female Marbled Salamanders have a very low attachment to their eggs, and they will abandon their nest after a disturbance. [15]
The hellbender salamander, considered a "habitat specialist", has adapted to fill a specific niche within a very specific environment, and is labeled as such "because its success is dependent on a constancy of dissolved oxygen, temperature and flow found in swift water areas", which in turn limits it to a narrow spectrum of stream/river choices ...
The species is under pressure from habitat destruction (conversion of forests to pasture and residential areas) and water pollution. [1] Triphenyltin, a common pesticide used in pecan, potatoes, beets, celery, coffee, and rice agriculture was found to cause streamside salamander larva mortality of 90% if present at concentrations above 5 μg/L ...