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Left ventricular hypertrophy with secondary repolarization abnormalities as seen on ECG Histopathology of (a) normal myocardium and (b) myocardial hypertrophy. Scale bar indicates 50 μm. Gross pathology of left ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricle is at right in image, serially sectioned from apex to near base.
Ventricular hypertrophy (VH) is thickening of the walls of a ventricle (lower chamber) of the heart. [ 1 ] [ better source needed ] Although left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is more common, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), as well as concurrent hypertrophy of both ventricles can also occur.
It is an abnormality of repolarization and it has been associated with an adverse prognosis in a variety heart disease patients. It has been important in refining the role of ECG LVH criteria in cardiac risk stratification. It is thought that a strain pattern could also reflect underlying coronary heart disease.
Left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) is an abnormal condition of the left ventricle of the heart, [1] [2] related to, but distinguished from, left bundle branch block (LBBB). It is caused by only the left anterior fascicle – one half of the left bundle branch being defective. It is manifested on the ECG by left axis deviation.
The Women's Health Initiative study concluded that a wide SA was the strongest predictor for incident coronary heart failure risk and a dominant risk factor for all cause mortality compared to several other ECG parameters. [12] The SA also increases accuracy of diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Using only conventional ECG criteria ...
Ventricular remodeling may include ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular dilation, cardiomegaly, and other changes. It is an aspect of cardiomyopathy, of which there are many types. Concentric hypertrophy is due to pressure overload, while eccentric hypertrophy is due to volume overload. [6]
Abnormality indicates presence of infarction [6] R wave: Left ventricle: lead V5 or V6 < 45 ms [7] Right ventricle: lead V1 or V2 < 35 ms [7] Large amplitude might indicate of left ventricular hypertrophy [8] Duration longer than 45 ms might indicate left posterior fascicular block, LVH or LBBB. [9] S wave
The diagnosis of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is usually made by echocardiographic assessment and is defined as a peak left ventricular outflow tract gradient of ≥ 30 mmHg. [37] Another, non-obstructive variant of HCM is apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM or ApHCM), [39] also called Yamaguchi syndrome.