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Jōmon (縄文, Jōmon), sometimes written as Jomon (American English /ˈdʒoʊˌmɑːn/ JOH-mahn, British English /ˈdʒəʊmɒn/ JOH-mon), [11] literally meaning "cord-marked" or "cord pattern," is a Japanese word coined by American zoologist, archaeologist, and orientalist Edward S. Morse in his book Shell Mounds of Omori (1879) which he wrote after he discovered sherds of cord-marked ...
The relationship of Jōmon people to the modern Japanese (Yamato people), Ryukyuans, and Ainu is not clear. Morphological studies of dental variation and genetic studies suggest that the Jōmon people were rather diverse, and mitochondrial DNA studies indicate the Jōmon people were closely related to modern-day East Asians.
Various studies estimate the proportion of Jōmon ancestry in Japanese people at around 9-13%, with the remainder derived from later migrations from Asia including the Yayoi people. [42] [45] [4] Recent studies have revealed that Jomon people are considerably genetically different from any other population, including modern-day Japanese.
Other historical ethnic groups have included the Ainu, the Ryukyuan people, the Emishi, and the Hayato; some of whom were dispersed or absorbed by other groups. Ethnic groups that inhabited the Japanese islands during prehistory include the Jomon people and lesser-known Paleolithic groups.
Until this transition, it is widely accepted that people with Jomon-like genetic characteristics continued to inhabit the region for at least several thousand years. Therefore, the elevated levels of Jomon ancestry in Okinawa can be attributed to this historical event. [38]
The Emishi (), also called Ebisu and Ezo, were a people who lived in parts of northern Honshū in present-day Japan, especially in the Tōhoku region.. The first mention of the Emishi in literature that can be corroborated with outside sources dates to the 5th century CE, [citation needed] in which they are referred to as máorén (毛人—"hairy people") in Chinese records.
In April 2019, the site was consolidated with the nearby museum, the Jomon Jiyūkan (縄文時遊館). Administratively, the archaeological site and the museum had been separate entities, but now function as a single historic site. After their merger, entrance fees to the archaeological site and museum began to be collected in the museum building.
The Higashimyō site is located on a low-lying marshland in the central Saga Plain, north of the modern Saga city. It is about 12 kilometers inland from the current coastline, but the coastline at the time of the Jōmon Maximum Transgression, about 7,000 years ago was near the site, and there is a large river nearby, and the site is estimated to be on the left bank of that river.