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In the Philippines, there are employers' confederations to lobby the protection of firm owners; they also represents the business sector and employers in the country. The most widely known is the Employers' Confederation of the Philippines, which is leads as the voice of the employers in labor management and socioeconomic development. [43]
In 2015, the International Labour Organization (ILO), based on national surveys or censuses of 232 countries and territories, estimated the number of domestic workers at 67.1 million, [3] but the ILO itself states that "experts say that due to the fact that this kind of work is often hidden and unregistered, the total number of domestic workers could be as high as 100 million". [4]
The economy of the Philippines became increasingly dependent on labour export; in 1978 labour-export recruiting agencies were privatised, and became a cornerstone of the economy. [13] Increasing labour export from the Philippines coincided with the economic rise of Hong Kong during the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Housekeeping is the management and routine support activities of running and maintaining an organized physical institution occupied or used by people, like a house, ship, hospital or factory, such as cleaning, tidying/organizing, cooking, shopping, and bill payment.
In conjunction with the rest of the world, gender stereotypes of Filipina women stem from the Philippines itself, with "the ideal Filipino family [consisting] of a male breadwinner and a female housekeeper, and housework and child care are predominantly considered women’s duties". [4]
The mistreatment of Filipino domestic workers in Hong Kong is commonly found through stereotypes and disciplinary regulation. According to anthropologist Nicole Constable, Hongkongers consider Filipino workers to be lazy, demanding, lacking commitment, and "only in it for the money."
The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) was founded on December 8, 1933, by virtue of Act No. 4121 of the Philippine Legislature. It was renamed as the Ministry of Labor and Employment in 1978. The agency was reverted to its original name after the People Power Revolution in 1986. [4]
A Chinese amah (right) with a woman and her three children Joanna de Silva Two ayahs in British India with their charges. An amah (Portuguese: ama, German: Amme, Medieval Latin: amma, simplified Chinese: 阿妈; traditional Chinese: 阿 媽; pinyin: ā mā; Wade–Giles: a¹ ma¹) or ayah (Portuguese: aia, Latin: avia, Tagalog: yaya) is a girl or woman employed by a family to clean, look after ...