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The saturation current (or scale current), more accurately the reverse saturation current, is the part of the reverse current in a semiconductor diode caused by diffusion of minority carriers from the neutral regions to the depletion region. This current is almost independent of the reverse voltage.
Later he gives a corresponding equation for current as a function of voltage under additional assumptions, which is the equation we call the Shockley ideal diode equation. [3] He calls it "a theoretical rectification formula giving the maximum rectification", with a footnote referencing a paper by Carl Wagner , Physikalische Zeitschrift 32 , pp ...
Varying the current in the control winding moves the operating point up and down on the saturation curve, controlling the alternating current through the inductor. These are used in variable fluorescent light ballasts, and power control systems. [11] Saturation is also exploited in fluxgate magnetometers and fluxgate compasses.
From the Shockley ideal diode equation given above, it might appear that the voltage has a positive temperature coefficient (at a constant current), but usually the variation of the reverse saturation current term is more significant than the variation in the thermal voltage term.
is the reverse saturation current, the current that flows when the diode is reverse biased (that is, is large and negative). n {\displaystyle n} is an ideality factor introduced to model a slower rate of increase than predicted by the ideal diode law.
Heaviside's version (see Maxwell–Faraday equation below) is the form recognized today in the group of equations known as Maxwell's equations. Lenz's law , formulated by Emil Lenz in 1834, [ 13 ] describes "flux through the circuit", and gives the direction of the induced emf and current resulting from electromagnetic induction (elaborated ...
A spring Harris Poll survey for Express Employment Professionals found budget constraints are resulting in reduced or stagnated hiring plans, and 68% of hiring managers plan to cope with a more ...
The theory is similar to that of a single probe, except that the current is limited to the ion saturation current for both positive and negative voltages. In particular, if V b i a s {\displaystyle V_{bias}} is the voltage applied between two identical electrodes, the current is given by;