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The street hierarchy is an urban planning technique for laying out road networks that exclude automobile through-traffic from developed areas.
Bundesautobahn 9 near by Garching bei Muenchen, Germany. At the top of the hierarchy in terms of traffic flow and speed are controlled-access highways; their defining characteristic is the control of access to and from the road, meaning that the road cannot be directly accessed from properties or other roads, but only from specific connector roads.
Streets and their arrangement into a street-system; Plots (or lots) and their aggregation into street-blocks; Buildings, in the form of the block-plans. For Conzen, understanding the layering of these aspects and elements through history is the key to comprehending urban form.
A settlement hierarchy is a way of arranging settlements into a hierarchy based upon their size. The term is used by landscape historians and in the National Curriculum [ 1 ] for England . The term is also used in the planning system for the UK and for some other countries such as Ireland, India, and Switzerland.
Block sizes and street length In a numbered grid system, adding an extra street can cause confusion. Street width, or right of way (ROW), influences the amount of land that is devoted to streets, which becomes unavailable for development and therefore represents an opportunity cost. The wider the street, the higher the opportunity cost.
Permeability is a central principle of New Urbanism, which favours urban designs based upon the ‘traditional’ (particularly in a North American context) street grid. New Urbanist thinking has also influenced Government policy in the United Kingdom, where the Department for Transport Guidance Manual for Streets says: [ 3 ]
An arterial road or arterial thoroughfare is a high-capacity urban road that sits below highways on the road hierarchy in terms of traffic flow and speed. [1] [2] The primary function of an arterial road is to deliver traffic from collector roads to highways or expressways, and between urban hubs at the highest level of service possible.
The green transport hierarchy (Canada), street user hierarchy (US), sustainable transport hierarchy (Wales), [1] urban transport hierarchy or road user hierarchy (Australia, UK) [2] is a hierarchy of modes of passenger transport prioritising green transport. [3] It is a concept used in transport reform groups worldwide [4] [5] and in policy ...