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The center of gravity (CG) of an aircraft is the point over which the aircraft would balance. [1] Its position is calculated after supporting the aircraft on at least two sets of weighing scales or load cells and noting the weight shown on each set of scales or load cells. The center of gravity affects the stability of the aircraft.
If loads break free or shift, this will move the center of gravity, causing the plane to be more difficult to control, or even causing a crash. [6] Examples of crashes caused by load shift include National Airlines Flight 102 in 2013, and the 1981 Pushkin Tu-104 crash.
Instability during weight-shifting activities or the inability to perform certain weight transfer tasks, such as bending forward to take objects from a shelf or leaning backward to rinse hair in the shower, can result from a restricted LoS boundary. The ability to voluntarily move the COG to positions within the Limits of Stability (LOS) with ...
The centre of gravity of the ship is commonly denoted as point G or CG. When a ship is at equilibrium, the centre of buoyancy is vertically in line with the centre of gravity of the ship. [1] The metacentre is the point where the lines intersect (at angle φ) of the upward force of buoyancy of φ ± dφ. When the ship is vertical, the ...
A center of gravity that is at or above the lift point will most likely result in a tip-over incident. In general, the further the center of gravity below the pick point, the safer the lift. There are other things to consider, such as shifting loads, strength of the load and mass, distance between pick points, and number of pick points.
Most conventional aircraft have positive longitudinal stability, providing the aircraft's center of gravity lies within the approved range. The operating handbook for every airplane specifies a range over which the center of gravity is permitted to move. [8] If the center of gravity is too far aft, the aircraft will be unstable.
In 1900, Wilbur Wright wrote, "...my observations of the flight of birds convince me that birds use more positive and energetic methods of regaining equilibrium than that of shifting the center of gravity...they regain their lateral balance...by a torsion of the tips of the wings.
In military transport aircraft, it is common to have a loadmaster as a part of the crew; their responsibilities include calculating accurate load information for center of gravity calculations, and ensuring cargo is properly secured to prevent its shifting.