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An antiknock agent is a gasoline additive used to reduce engine knocking and increase the fuel's octane rating by raising the temperature and pressure at which auto ...
Antiknock agents. Tetraethyllead (TEL), now banned almost everywhere for causing brain damage. Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is a neurotoxic substance and is fatal if swallowed/inhaled and causes manganism. [7] Ferrocene; Dimethyl methylphosphonate; Toluene; Isooctane; Triptane; Lead scavengers (for leaded gasoline)
Antiknock agents allow the use of higher compression ratios for greater efficiency [22] and peak power. [23] Adding varying amounts of additives to gasoline allowed easy, inexpensive control of octane ratings. TEL offered the business advantage of being commercially profitable because its use for this purpose could be patented. [16]
By definition, the isomers iso-octane and n-heptane have an octane rating of 100 and 0, respectively. [86] Because of its more volatile nature, n-heptane ignites and knocks readily, which gives it a relatively low octane rating; [87] the isomer iso-octane causes less knocking because it is more branched and combusts more smoothly. In general ...
In spark-ignition internal combustion engines, knocking (also knock, detonation, spark knock, pinging or pinking) occurs when combustion of some of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder does not result from propagation of the flame front ignited by the spark plug, but when one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode outside the envelope of the normal combustion front.
Founded in 1923, [4] [5] Ethyl Corp was formed by General Motors and Standard Oil of New Jersey ().General Motors had the "use patent" for tetraethyllead (TEL) as an antiknock fuel additive, based on the work of Thomas Midgley Jr., Charles Kettering, and later Charles Allen Thomas, [6]: 340–41 and Esso had the patent for the manufacture of TEL.
Tetramethyllead, also called tetra methyllead and lead tetramethyl, is a chemical compound used as an antiknock additive for gasoline. [1] Its use is being phased out for environmental considerations. [2] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in the United States has identified tetramethyllead as a potential ...
N-Methylaniline is a principal component of NMA (monomethylaniline), a non-traditional antiknock agent increasingly used by petroleum refiners and fuel distributors around the world to increase the octane number of gasoline petrol.