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Functions of the form = have at most one -intercept, but may contain multiple -intercepts. The x {\displaystyle x} -intercepts of functions, if any exist, are often more difficult to locate than the y {\displaystyle y} -intercept, as finding the y {\displaystyle y} -intercept involves simply evaluating the function at x = 0 {\displaystyle x=0} .
A non-vertical line can be defined by its slope m, and its y-intercept y 0 (the y coordinate of its intersection with the y-axis). In this case, its linear equation can be written = +. If, moreover, the line is not horizontal, it can be defined by its slope and its x-intercept x 0. In this case, its equation can be written
For example, antiderivatives of x 2 + 1 have the form 1 / 3 x 3 + x + c. For polynomials whose coefficients come from more abstract settings (for example, if the coefficients are integers modulo some prime number p , or elements of an arbitrary ring), the formula for the derivative can still be interpreted formally, with the coefficient ...
The solution set for the equations x − y = −1 and 3x + y = 9 is the single point (2, 3). A solution of a linear system is an assignment of values to the variables ,, …, such that each of the equations is satisfied. The set of all possible solutions is called the solution set. [5]
Then, f(x)g(x) = 4x 2 + 4x + 1 = 1. Thus deg( f ⋅ g ) = 0 which is not greater than the degrees of f and g (which each had degree 1). Since the norm function is not defined for the zero element of the ring, we consider the degree of the polynomial f ( x ) = 0 to also be undefined so that it follows the rules of a norm in a Euclidean domain.
We can convert 2D points to homogeneous coordinates by defining them as (x, y, 1). Assume that we want to find intersection of two infinite lines in 2-dimensional space, defined as a 1 x + b 1 y + c 1 = 0 and a 2 x + b 2 y + c 2 = 0. We can represent these two lines in line coordinates as U 1 = (a 1, b 1, c 1) and U 2 = (a 2, b 2, c 2).
The study of quadratic forms, in particular the question of whether a given integer can be the value of a quadratic form over the integers, dates back many centuries. One such case is Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares, which determines when an integer may be expressed in the form x 2 + y 2, where x, y are integers.
For example, if a system contains , a system over the rational numbers is obtained by adding the equation r 2 2 – 2 = 0 and replacing by r 2 in the other equations. In the case of a finite field, the same transformation allows always supposing that the field k has a prime order.