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Excavations showed that Bulgars buried their dead on a north–south axis, [169] with their heads to the north so that the deceased "faced" south. [152] The Slavs practiced only cremation, the remains were placed in urns, and like the Bulgars, with the conversion to Christianity inhumed the dead on west–east axis. [ 170 ]
Old Great Bulgaria (Medieval Greek: Παλαιά Μεγάλη Βουλγαρία, Palaiá Megálē Voulgaría), also often known by the Latin names Magna Bulgaria [5] and Patria Onoguria ("Onogur land"), [6] was a 7th-century Turkic nomadic empire formed by the Onogur-Bulgars on the western Pontic–Caspian steppe (modern southern Ukraine and southwest Russia). [7]
Volga Bulgaria or Volga–Kama Bulgaria (sometimes referred to as the Volga Bulgar Emirate [2]) was a historical Bulgar [3] [4] [5] state that existed between the 9th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River, in what is now European Russia.
Map of Bulgaria under the Cometopuli dynasty of Tsar Samuel (976–1018) [158] The lands to the west of the Iskar River remained free and the Bulgarians were able to regroup headed by the four Cometopuli brothers. [159] By 976, the youngest of them, Samuel, concentrated all power in his hands following the death of his elder siblings.
The migration of the Bulgars after the fall of Old Great Bulgaria in the 7th century. The Bulgars (also Bulghars, Bulgari, Bolgars, Bolghars, Bolgari, [ 24 ] Proto-Bulgarians [ 25 ] ) were Turkic semi-nomadic warrior tribes that flourished in the Pontic–Caspian steppe and the Volga region during the 7th century.
Unified under a single ruler, Kurt, or Kubrat (reigned c. 605–c. 642), the Bulgars constituted a powerful polity known to the Eastern Romans as Great Bulgaria. This country was situated between the lower course of the Danube river to the west, the Black Sea and the Azov Sea to the south, the Kuban river to the east and the Donets river to the ...
However, in late 1223 (or 1224), the Bulgars may have fought with the Mongols. There is no historical mention except a short account by the Arab historian Ibn al-Athir, writing in Mosul some 1,800 km (1,100 mi) away from the event. After several sharp skirmishes with the Bulgars, the tiring Mongols moved back down to the Volga.
After the defeat of Great Bulgaria by the Khazars and following Khan Kubrat's death in 668, a large group of Bulgars followed the third son of the great Khan, Asparukh, who headed south-westwards. In the 670s they were settled in the border area known as the Ongal to the north of the Danube delta .