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  2. Gravitational field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_field

    In classical mechanics, a gravitational field is a physical quantity. [5] A gravitational field can be defined using Newton's law of universal gravitation. Determined in this way, the gravitational field g around a single particle of mass M is a vector field consisting at every point of a vector pointing directly towards the particle. The ...

  3. Gravitational acceleration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_acceleration

    Vector field (blue) and its associated scalar potential field (red). Point P between earth and moon is the point of equilibrium. In physics, a gravitational field or gravitational acceleration field is a vector field used to explain the influences that a body extends into the space around itself. [6]

  4. Geopotential spherical harmonic model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopotential_spherical...

    However, a spherical harmonics series expansion captures the actual field with increasing fidelity. If Earth's shape were perfectly known together with the exact mass density ρ = ρ(x, y, z), it could be integrated numerically (when combined with a reciprocal distance kernel) to find an accurate model for Earth's gravitational field. However ...

  5. Scalar theories of gravitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_theories_of_gravitation

    The first attempts to present a relativistic (classical) field theory of gravitation were also scalar theories. Gunnar Nordström created two such theories. [1]Nordström's first idea (1912) was to simply replace the divergence operator in the field equation of Newtonian gravity with the d'Alembertian operator =.

  6. Gravity of Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_of_Earth

    Currently, the static and time-variable Earth's gravity field parameters are determined using modern satellite missions, such as GOCE, CHAMP, Swarm, GRACE and GRACE-FO. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] The lowest-degree parameters, including the Earth's oblateness and geocenter motion are best determined from satellite laser ranging .

  7. Newton's law of universal gravitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_law_of_universal...

    Gravity field surrounding Earth from a macroscopic perspective. Newton's law of universal gravitation can be written as a vector equation to account for the direction of the gravitational force as well as its magnitude. In this formula, quantities in bold represent vectors.

  8. Introduction to general relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_general...

    In a similar way, Einstein predicted the gravitational deflection of light: in a gravitational field, light is deflected downward, to the center of the gravitational field. Quantitatively, his results were off by a factor of two; the correct derivation requires a more complete formulation of the theory of general relativity, not just the ...

  9. Tidal tensor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_tensor

    The most common example of tides is the tidal force around a spherical body (e.g., a planet or a moon).Here we compute the tidal tensor for the gravitational field outside an isolated spherically symmetric massive object.