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Chronic kidney disease is commonly associated with sleep symptoms and excessive daytime sleepiness. 80% of those on dialysis have sleep disturbances. Sleep apnea can occur 10 times as often in uremic patients than in the general population and can affect up to 30-80% of patients on dialysis, though nighttime dialysis can improve this.
Treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) relies on identifying and treating the underlying disorder which may cure the person from the EDS. Drugs like modafinil , [ 22 ] armodafinil , [ 23 ] pitolisant [ 24 ] (Wakix), sodium oxybate (Xyrem) oral solution, have been approved as treatment for EDS symptoms in the United States.
Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a neurological disorder which is characterized primarily by excessive sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). [1] Idiopathic hypersomnia was first described by Bedrich Roth in 1976, and it can be divided into two forms: polysymptomatic and monosymptomatic.
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale has been validated primarily in obstructive sleep apnea, though it has also shown success in detecting narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. [3] It is used to measure excessive daytime sleepiness and is repeated after the administration of treatment (e.g., CPAP) to document improvement of symptoms. [6]
Somnolence (alternatively sleepiness or drowsiness) is a state of strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (compare hypersomnia). It has distinct meanings and causes. It has distinct meanings and causes.
An oil painting of a young woman having a siesta, or an afternoon nap, which usually occurs after the mid-day meal.. Postprandial somnolence (colloquially known as food coma, after-dinner dip, or "the itis") is a normal state of drowsiness or lassitude following a meal.
This sleep phase advancement can interfere with daily social and work schedules, and results in shortened sleep duration and excessive daytime sleepiness. [1] The timing of sleep and melatonin levels are regulated by the body's central circadian clock , which is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus .
Shift work sleep disorder can lead to severe cases of insomnia as well as excessive daytime sleepiness. [22] Jet lag: Jet lag is best characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep as a result of misalignment between one's internal circadian system and external, or environmental cues. It is typically associated with rapid travel ...