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The cost of reproductive suppression to the individual is lowest at the ... paper wasps and ... the breeding female disrupts the ovulatory cycle and prevents mating ...
Ammophila urnaria feeds on nectar and can often be seen on the flower heads of sorrel or onion. [2] The breeding season is in summer. The female wasp digs a succession of burrows in sandy soil, provisioning each burrow with one or more paralysed caterpillars, lays an egg on the first caterpillar in each and seals the hole.
As in other Nasonia wasps, N. vitripennis is haplodiploid, having haploid males and diploid females, and measures from 2–3 mm in length, with larger and darker-colored females than males. These wasps, like most other insects, show much sexual dimorphism, and females tend to be less easy to distinguish by species than males.
The male wasps appear first and will mate with the female wasps once they emerge from the soil. After mating, female wasps will select a site and begin digging a burrow, normally under sidewalks ...
After mating, the female wasp seeks out a tarantula, either free-ranging or in its burrow. After grappling with the tarantula, the wasp delivers a powerful sting that paralyzes the tarantula, but keeps it alive. [2] This allows the wasp to lay an egg that adheres to the spider's abdomen. One egg is provisioned per tarantula.
The body of a female is c. 2 inches (50 mm) long, with an ovipositor c. 4 inches (100 mm) long. Females of the parasitoid wasp Neoneurus vesculus ovipositing in workers of the ant Formica cunicularia. Parasitized white cabbage larvae showing wasp larvae exiting its body, spinning cocoons. Playback at double speed.
Polygynandry is a mating system in which both males and females have multiple mating partners during a breeding season. [1] In sexually reproducing diploid animals, different mating strategies are employed by males and females, because the cost of gamete production is lower for males than it is for females. [2]
Mate-guarding is seen in Cotesia rubecula, a parasitic wasp from the family Braconidae whose mating system is polygynous. Males are attracted to females through pheromones and they induce females to mate through vibrations, to which the female responds by assuming a specific position.