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Euclid (/ ˈ j uː k l ɪ d /; Greek: Εὐκλείδης; fl. 300 BC) was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician. [2] Considered the "father of geometry", [3] he is chiefly known for the Elements treatise, which established the foundations of geometry that largely dominated the field until the early 19th century.
Archimedes of Syracuse[ a] ( / ˌɑːrkɪˈmiːdiːz / AR-kim-EE-deez; [ 2] c. 287 – c. 212 BC) was an Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor from the ancient city of Syracuse in Sicily. [ 3] Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity.
Family background. Von Neumann was born in Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary (then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire ), [ 13][ 14][ 15] on December 28, 1903, to a wealthy, non-observant Jewish family. His birth name was Neumann János Lajos. In Hungarian, the family name comes first, and his given names are equivalent to John Louis in English.
Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (German: Gauß [kaʁl ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈɡaʊs] ⓘ; [ 2][ 3] Latin: Carolus Fridericus Gauss; 30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician, astronomer, geodesist, and physicist who contributed to many fields in mathematics and science. He was director of the Göttingen Observatory and professor of ...
American writer Isaac Asimov described this battle as the earliest historical event whose date is known with precision to the day, and called the prediction "the birth of science". As well as first mathematician and first philosopher, Thales is often given the label of the first western scientist and the "father of science".
His father Léon Poincaré (1828–1892) was a professor of medicine at the University of Nancy. [11] His younger sister Aline married the spiritual philosopher Émile Boutroux . Another notable member of Henri's family was his cousin, Raymond Poincaré , a fellow member of the Académie française , who was President of France from 1913 to ...
Leonhard Euler (/ ˈ ɔɪ l ər / OY-lər, [b] German: [ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ] ⓘ, Swiss Standard German: [ˈleːɔnhart ˈɔʏlər]; 15 April 1707 – 18 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician, and engineer who founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of ...
Diophantus. Diophantus of Alexandria[ 1] (born c. AD 200 – c. 214; died c. AD 284 – c. 298) was a Greek mathematician, who was the author of two main works: On Polygonal Numbers, which survives incomplete, and the Arithmetica in thirteen books, most of it extant, made up of arithmetical problems that are solved through algebraic equations. [ 2]