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The history of fluid mechanics is a fundamental strand of the history of physics and engineering. The study of the movement of fluids (liquids and gases) and the forces that act upon them dates back to pre-history. The field has undergone a continuous evolution, driven by human dependence on water, meteorological conditions and internal ...
850 – The Book of Ingenious Devices is published by the Banū Mūsā brothers, describing a number of early automatic controls using fluid mechanics. I; 1206 – Ismail al-Jazari invented water-powered programmable automata/robots and water music devices. Renaissance. 1432 – Portuguese develop caravels for long-distance ocean travel.
Brownian motion is the random motion of particles suspended in a medium (a liquid or a gas ). [ 2] This motion pattern typically consists of random fluctuations in a particle's position inside a fluid sub-domain, followed by a relocation to another sub-domain.
Pressure in water and air. Pascal's law applies for fluids. Pascal's principle is defined as: A change in pressure at any point in an enclosed incompressible fluid at rest is transmitted equally and undiminished to all points in all directions throughout the fluid, and the force due to the pressure acts at right angles to the enclosing walls.
A supercritical fluid ( SCF) is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point, where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist, but below the pressure required to compress it into a solid. [ 1] It can effuse through porous solids like a gas, overcoming the mass transfer limitations that slow liquid transport through ...
Diesel exhaust fluid ( DEF; also known as AUS 32 and marketed as AdBlue[ 3]) is a liquid used to reduce the amount of air pollution created by a diesel engine. Specifically, DEF is an aqueous urea solution made with 32.5% urea and 67.5% deionized water. DEF is consumed in a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) that lowers the concentration of ...
Drilling fluid. Driller pouring anti-foaming agent down the drilling string on a drilling rig. Baryte powder used for preparation of water-based mud. In geotechnical engineering, drilling fluid, also known as drilling mud, is used to aid the drilling of boreholes into the earth. Used while drilling oil and natural gas wells and on exploration ...
DOT 5 is a silicone-based fluid and is separate from the series of DOT 2, 3, 4, 5.1. It is immiscible with water, and with other brake fluids, and must not be mixed with them. Systems can change fluid only after a complete system changeover, such as a total restoration. It contains at least 70% by weight of a diorgano polysiloxane. [7]