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  2. Philip K. Hitti - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_K._Hitti

    Philip Khuri Hitti ( Arabic: فيليب خوري حتي; 22 June 1886 – 24 December 1978) was a Lebanese-American professor and scholar at Princeton and Harvard University, and authority on Arab and Middle Eastern history, Islam, and Semitic languages. He almost single-handedly created the discipline of Arabic studies in the United States.

  3. Samudera Pasai Sultanate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudera_Pasai_Sultanate

    The Samudera Pasai Sultanate ( Malay: كسلطانن سامودرا ڤاساي‎ ), also known as Samudera or Pasai or Samudera Darussalam or Pacem, was a Muslim kingdom on the north coast of Sumatra from the 13th to the 16th centuries. Little evidence has been left to allow for historical study of the kingdom. [1] The kingdom was believed to ...

  4. Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam

    Islam. Islam ( / ˈɪzlɑːm, ˈɪzlæm / IZ-la (h)m; [ 7] Arabic: ٱلْإِسْلَام, romanized : al-Islām, IPA: [alʔɪsˈlaːm], lit. 'submission [to the will of God]') is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.

  5. History of Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islam

    Unlike contemporary scholarship, which relied on traditions and historical narratives from early Islam, Ibn Taymiyya's methodology was a mixture of the selective use of hadith and a literal understanding of the Quran. [226] [227] He rejected most philosophical approaches to Islam and proposed a clear, simple and dogmatic theology instead. [226]

  6. Benjamin Franklin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin

    Benjamin Franklin FRS FRSA FRSE (January 17, 1706 [ O.S. January 6, 1705] [ Note 1] – April 17, 1790) was an American polymath: a leading writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher and political philosopher. [ 1] Among the most influential intellectuals of his time, Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the ...

  7. John Stott - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stott

    John Stott. John Robert Walmsley Stott CBE (27 April 1921 – 27 July 2011) was a British Anglican priest and theologian who was noted as a leader of the worldwide evangelical movement. He was one of the principal authors of the Lausanne Covenant in 1974. In 2005, Time magazine ranked Stott among the 100 most influential people in the world.

  8. Age of Enlightenment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment

    Called the Siècle des Lumières, the philosophical movement of the Enlightenment had already started by the early 18th century, when Pierre Bayle launched the popular and scholarly Enlightenment critique of religion. As a skeptic Bayle only partially accepted the philosophy and principles of rationality.

  9. Prophets and messengers in Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in...

    The revealed books are the records which Muslims believe were dictated by God to various Islamic prophets throughout the history of mankind, all these books promulgated the code and laws of Islam. The belief in all the revealed books is an article of faith in Islam and Muslims must believe in all the scriptures to be a Muslim. Islam speaks of ...