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In 1912, to standardize birthstones, the (American) National Association of Jewelers (now called Jewelers of America) met in Kansas and officially adopted a list. [1]: 317 The Jewelry Industry Council of America updated the list in 1952 [3]: 311 by adding Alexandrite for June, citrine for November and pink tourmaline for October.
The first rank of gemstones, or precious stones, includes ruby, sapphire, diamond, and emerald. Orange topaz, also known as precious topaz, is the birthstone for the month of November, the symbol of friendship, and the state gemstone of the U.S. state of Utah. [24] Blue topaz is the state gemstone of the US state of Texas. [25]
Each month has its own birthstone with a special meaning. Here's a guide to each dazzling gem from January to December. Are you a ruby, diamond, or emerald? Each month has its own birthstone with ...
Ruby. Orangy red through strongly purplish red. Ruby is a pinkish red to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum ( aluminium oxide ). Ruby is one of the most popular traditional jewelry gems and is very durable. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires.
Sapphire is one of the two gem-varieties of corundum, the other being ruby (defined as corundum in a shade of red). Although blue is the best-known sapphire color, it occurs in other colors, including gray and black, and also can be colorless. A pinkish orange variety of sapphire is called padparadscha .
Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be 3 Al 2 (SiO 3) 6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium. [ 2] Beryl has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale. [ 2] Most emeralds have many inclusions, [ 3] so their toughness (resistance to breakage) is classified as generally poor.
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