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The movement was born from the thought of Shimizu Hitoshi, an official at Sendenbu. Sendenbu was the Japanese propaganda department during World War II. The 3A movement is known for its slogan: "Japan the light of Asia, Japan the protector of Asia, Japan the leader of Asia," in Japanese 「亜細亜の光日本、亜細亜の母体日本 ...
Pitirim Sorokin defines horizontal mobility as a change in religious, regional, political, or other horizontal shifts without any change in vertical position. [ 2] According to Andrew W. Lind, horizontal mobility occurs when a person changes their profession, but their social status remains unchanged. Eg. if a doctor switches from a job in ...
Pancasila economics ( Indonesian: Ekonomi Pancasila ), also known as " Indonesian populist economics " ( Indonesian: Ekonomi kerakyatan Indonesia ), is an economic system which aims to reflect the five principles of Pancasila. [1] The term "Pancasila economy" first appeared in an article by Emil Salim in 1967. [2]
Lobang Jepang or Lubang Jepang (which means 'Japanese tunnel' or 'Japanese hole' in Indonesian) is an underground military complex, which is now one of the historical tourist attraction in the city of Bukittinggi, West Sumatra in Indonesia. The Japanese tunnel is a protection tunnel built by the Japanese occupying army around 1942 for defense ...
The Indonesia–Japan Economic Partnership Agreement is a bilateral agreement signed between Indonesia and Japan on 20 August 2007 and having been in force since 1 July 2008. Initiated by Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi, it was Indonesia's first bilateral free trade agreement. Since 2013, Indonesia has requested a review of the terms ...
Adhi Makayasa. Service no. 25308. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born 9 September 1949), commonly referred to as SBY, is an Indonesian politician and retired army general who served as the sixth president of Indonesia from 2004 to 2014 and the second Indonesian President from the military after Suharto. He founded the Democratic Party of Indonesia ...
The Japanese occupation of West Sumatra, officially known as Sumatora Nishi Kaigan Shū ( Japanese: スマトラ西海岸州, Hepburn: Sumatora Nishikaigan-shū, lit. 'West Coast Province of Sumatra'), [ 2][ 3] started from 1942 until 1945 when the region was controlled by the Empire of Japan. The occupation was notable and recognized as one of ...
Economic mobility is the ability of an individual, family or some other group to improve (or lower) their economic status—usually measured in income. Economic mobility is often measured by movement between income quintiles. Economic mobility may be considered a type of social mobility, which is often measured in change in income.