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Decoupage or découpage ( / ˌdeɪkuːˈpɑːʒ /; [ 1] French: [dekupaʒ]) is the art of decorating an object by gluing colored paper cutouts onto it in combination with special paint effects, gold leaf, and other decorative elements. Commonly, an object like a small box or an item of furniture is covered by cutouts from magazines or from ...
Egyptian artists primarily worked in black, red, yellow, brown, blue, and green pigments. These colours were derived from ground minerals, synthetic materials (Egyptian blue, Egyptian green, and frits used to make glass and ceramic glazes), and carbon-based blacks (soot and charcoal).
Wallpapers can come plain as "lining paper" to help cover uneven surfaces and minor wall defects, "textured", plain with a regular repeating pattern design, or with a single non-repeating large design carried over a set of sheets. The smallest wallpaper rectangle that can be tiled to form the whole pattern is known as the pattern repeat.
Adobe wall (detail) in Bahillo, Palencia, Spain. Renewal of the surface coating of an adobe wall in Chamisal, New Mexico. Adobe walls separate urban gardens in Shiraz, Iran. Adobe ( / əˈdoʊbi / ⓘ ə-DOH-be; [ 1 ]Spanish pronunciation: [aˈðoβe]) is a building material made from earth and organic materials. Adobe is Spanish for mudbrick.
The full circuit ran for 19 km (12 mi) surrounding an area of 13.7 km 2 (5.3 sq mi). The walls were constructed in brick-faced concrete, 3.5 m (11 ft) thick and 8 m (26 ft) high, with a square tower every 100 Roman feet (29.6 m (97 ft)). In the 4th century, remodelling doubled the height of the walls to 16 m (52 ft).
This provided them with a strong material for bulk walling. They used brick or stone to build the outer skins of the wall and then filled the cavity with massive amounts of concrete, effectively using the brickwork as permanent shuttering (formwork). Later they used wooden shuttering that was removed for the concrete to cure.
Polychrome brickwork is a style of architectural brickwork in which bricks of different colours are used to create decorative patterns or highlight architectural features in the walls of a building. Historically it was used in the late Gothic period in Europe, and the Tudor period in England. This style was revived in Britain in the 1850s as a ...
The barrier consists of a wall, 195 km (121 mi) long and 6–10 m (20–33 ft) wide, [6] with over 30 fortresses at intervals of between 10 and 50 km (6.2 and 31.1 mi). [6] The building materials consist of mud-brick, fired brick, gypsum, and mortar. Clay was also used during the early Parthian period. Mud-bricks were more popular in the early ...