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Decoupage or découpage ( / ˌdeɪkuːˈpɑːʒ /; [ 1] French: [dekupaʒ]) is the art of decorating an object by gluing colored paper cutouts onto it in combination with special paint effects, gold leaf, and other decorative elements. Commonly, an object like a small box or an item of furniture is covered by cutouts from magazines or from ...
Adobe wall (detail) in Bahillo, Palencia, Spain. Renewal of the surface coating of an adobe wall in Chamisal, New Mexico. Adobe walls separate urban gardens in Shiraz, Iran. Adobe ( / əˈdoʊbi / ⓘ ə-DOH-be; [ 1 ]Spanish pronunciation: [aˈðoβe]) is a building material made from earth and organic materials. Adobe is Spanish for mudbrick.
Cob (material) Building a wall out of cob. Cob, cobb, or clom (in Wales) is a natural building material made from subsoil, water, fibrous organic material (typically straw ), and sometimes lime. [ 1] The contents of subsoil vary, and if it does not contain the right mixture, it can be modified with sand or clay.
The chief building material was the mud-brick, formed in wooden moulds similar to those used to make adobe bricks. Bricks varied widely in size and format from small bricks that could be lifted in one hand to ones as big as large paving slabs. Rectangular and square bricks were both common.
Brickwork. Brickwork is masonry produced by a bricklayer, using bricks and mortar. Typically, rows of bricks called courses [ 1][ 2] are laid on top of one another to build up a structure such as a brick wall . Bricks may be differentiated from blocks by size.
The full circuit ran for 19 km (12 mi) surrounding an area of 13.7 km 2 (5.3 sq mi). The walls were constructed in brick-faced concrete, 3.5 m (11 ft) thick and 8 m (26 ft) high, with a square tower every 100 Roman feet (29.6 m (97 ft)). In the 4th century, remodelling doubled the height of the walls to 16 m (52 ft).
The barrier consists of a wall, 195 km (121 mi) long and 6–10 m (20–33 ft) wide, [6] with over 30 fortresses at intervals of between 10 and 50 km (6.2 and 31.1 mi). [6] The building materials consist of mud-brick, fired brick, gypsum, and mortar. Clay was also used during the early Parthian period. Mud-bricks were more popular in the early ...
Stucco. Stucco or render is a construction material made of aggregates, a binder, and water. Stucco is applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid. It is used as a decorative coating for walls and ceilings, exterior walls, and as a sculptural and artistic material in architecture. Stucco can be applied on construction materials such as metal ...