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The sediment in the outcrops mainly consists of coarse-grained and shelly sands that were deposited in sand waves (megaripples) that migrated parallel to the shore in a south-westward direction. [2] The most common fossils are bivalves and gastropods [ 3 ] that were often worn by the abrasive environment. [ 1 ]
Small areas of the rock formation are found in locations such as Boyton and Tattingstone to the south of Orford as well as offshore at Sizewell. [4] Crag is a local word for a shelly sand. Coralline Crag has sometimes been used historically in the Suffolk coast area for building and a number of quarries exist. [2]
The shelly sand, clay and gravel deposits known locally as 'crag' cover the eastern part of the county. The western 'feather edge' of the crag is mapped south from the coast west of Sheringham through Cawston and Norwich to the Suffolk border east of Diss. The sequence is divided into the Red Crag, Norwich Crag and Wroxham Crag formations.
The Lambeth Group is a stratigraphic group, a set of geological rock strata in the London and Hampshire basins of southern England.It comprises a complex of vertically and laterally varying gravels, sands, silts and clays deposited between 56-55 million years before present during the Ypresian age (lower Eocene).
Despite this the variations of clays and sands in the formation are usually marked separately on the maps and records of the British Geological Survey. In its entirety the formation is usually found to be between 180 and 215m thick The Ashdown Formation is best exposed in the 8 km cliff section between Hastings and Pett Level. [10]
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The base of the Tunbridge Wells Sand is marked by a distinct change from the predominantly argillaceous sediments of the Wadhurst Clay to siltstones and silty sands. This boundary is often indicated on maps by spring lines and seepages, where groundwater percolating through the permeable Tunbridge Wells Sand is forced to surface at the junction ...
Landslips often occur at or close to the upper boundary of the Wadhurst Clay, which is shared with the overlying Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation. This is partly caused by the steep sided hill, valley and ravine topography of the High Weald and partly by the lithological variation between the formations and the presence of spring lines and seepages.