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A neutrino (/ nj uː ˈ t r iː n oʊ / new-TREE-noh; denoted by the Greek letter ν) is an elementary particle that interacts via the weak interaction and gravity. [2] [3] The neutrino is so named because it is electrically neutral and because its rest mass is so small that it was long thought to be zero.
Neutrinos interact incredibly rarely with matter, so the vast majority of neutrinos will pass through a detector without interacting. If a neutrino does interact, it will only do so once. Therefore, to perform neutrino astronomy, large detectors must be used to obtain enough statistics. [23] The IceCube Neutrino Detector at the South Pole.
To form a photon, which satisfies parity and charge conjugation, two sets of two-component neutrinos (i.e., right-handed and left-handed neutrinos) are needed. Perkins (see Sec. VI of Ref. [ 17 ] ) attempted to solve this problem by noting that the needed two sets of two-component neutrinos would exist if the positive muon is identified as the ...
as electric charge does in electromagnetism, and color charge in the strong interaction; a different number with a similar name, weak charge, discussed below, is used for interactions with the Z 0. All left-handed fermions have a weak isospin value of either + + 1 / 2 or − + 1 / 2 ; all right-handed fermions have 0 isospin.
The inside of the MiniBooNE neutrino detector. A neutrino detector is a physics apparatus which is designed to study neutrinos.Because neutrinos only weakly interact with other particles of matter, neutrino detectors must be very large to detect a significant number of neutrinos.
The flavor evolution of neutrinos, propagating through the dense and turbulent interior of the supernova, is dominated by the collective behavior associated with neutrino-neutrino interactions. Therefore, supernova neutrinos offer an opportunity to examine neutrino flavor mixing under high-density conditions. [9]
In particle physics, a lepton is an elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1 / 2 ) that does not undergo strong interactions. [1] Two main classes of leptons exist: charged leptons (also known as the electron-like leptons or muons), including the electron, muon, and tauon, and neutral leptons, better known as neutrinos.
Neutrinos of all generations also do not decay, and pervade the universe, but rarely interact with baryonic matter. There are six quarks: up , down , charm , strange , top , and bottom . [ 34 ] [ 37 ] Quarks carry color charge , and hence interact via the strong interaction .