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Osteogenesis imperfecta (IPA: / ˌ ɒ s t i oʊ ˈ dʒ ɛ n ə s ɪ s ˌ ɪ m p ɜːr ˈ f ɛ k t ə /; [4] OI), colloquially known as brittle bone disease, is a group of genetic disorders that all result in bones that break easily.
The clinical features of COL1A1/2-related osteogenesis imperfecta can be highly variable ranging from severe and lethal perinatal fractures to individuals with minimal tendency to repeated fractures and skeletal deformities and with a normal stature and life span.
Similar clinical and radiographic features to that of type I and II are apparent for the adult (permanent) teeth. The main distinguishing feature is "shell teeth", a term used to describe the unique appearance of the baby (primary) teeth; the primary teeth have multiple pulp exposures and radiographically appear hollow as the dentine layer is ...
English: X-ray of a 24-year-old man clinically diagnosed with Type IVB OI. Genetic diagnosis in 2018 resulted in no identifiable type, but identified a previously uncataloged pathogenic variant in the gene which encodes proα2(I) chains of type I procollagen, COL1A2, at exon 19, c.974G>A.
The genetics of Bruck syndrome differs from osteogenesis imperfecta. Osteogenesis imperfecta usually involves autosomal dominant mutations to COL1A1 or COL1A2 which encode type 1 procollagen. [ 6 ] Bruck syndrome is linked to mutations in two genes, and therefore is divided in two types.
It is not necessarily caused by any disease, but is common in individuals with Osteogenesis Imperfecta. [1] In a broader sense, triangular face encompasses a constellation of a hypoplastic face with prominent zygomatic arches, orbital hypertelorism, sunken cheeks, down-turned mouth, and occasionally brownish facial discolouration. [2]
Sillence created the standard four-type system of osteogenesis imperfecta in 1979. [8] It enabled progress into the molecular causes of the disorder and collagen mutations. In 2012, Sillence delivered the Human Genetics Society of Australasia Oration , a prestigious lecture in his field.
It was first discovered in 1972 by Bianchine et al. when they described three families with osteogenesis imperfecta, pseudoglioma, retinoblastoma, and recurrence of bone fractures. [ 8 ] References