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  2. Methods of computing square roots - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing...

    A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...

  3. Parts-per notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts-per_notation

    In fractions like "2 nanometers per meter" (2 n m / m = 2 nano = 2×10 −9 = 2 ppb = 2 × 0.000 000 001), so the quotients are pure-number coefficients with positive values less than or equal to 1. When parts-per notations, including the percent symbol (%), are used in regular prose (as opposed to mathematical expressions), they are still pure ...

  4. Probability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability

    Probability is the branch of mathematics and statistics concerning events and numerical descriptions of how likely they are to occur. The probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1; the larger the probability, the more likely an event is to occur. [note 1] [1] [2] This number is often expressed as a percentage (%), ranging from 0% to ...

  5. 0.999... - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0.999...

    The Archimedean property: any point x before the finish line lies between two of the points P n (inclusive).. It is possible to prove the equation 0.999... = 1 using just the mathematical tools of comparison and addition of (finite) decimal numbers, without any reference to more advanced topics such as series and limits.

  6. Standard deviation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation

    For a finite set of numbers, the population standard deviation is found by taking the square root of the average of the squared deviations of the values subtracted from their average value. The marks of a class of eight students (that is, a statistical population ) are the following eight values: 2 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 5 , 5 , 7 , 9. {\displaystyle 2 ...

  7. Duty cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty_cycle

    In electronics, duty cycle is the percentage of the ratio of pulse duration, or pulse width (PW) to the total period (T) of the waveform. It is generally used to represent time duration of a pulse when it is high (1).

  8. Significant figures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significant_figures

    An exact number has an infinite number of significant figures. If the number of apples in a bag is 4 (exact number), then this number is 4.0000... (with infinite trailing zeros to the right of the decimal point). As a result, 4 does not impact the number of significant figures or digits in the result of calculations with it.

  9. Power of two - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_two

    Two to the power of n, written as 2 n, is the number of values in which the bits in a binary word of length n can be set, where each bit is either of two values. A word, interpreted as representing an integer in a range starting at zero, referred to as an "unsigned integer", can represent values from 0 (000...000 2) to 2 n − 1 (111...111 2) inclusively.