Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Entry, or penetration, is the second step in viral replication. This step is characterized by the virus passing through the plasma membrane of the host cell. The most common way a virus gains entry to the host cell is by receptor-mediated endocytosis, which comes at no energy cost to the virus, only the host cell. Receptor-mediated endocytosis ...
Such sequences are common in virus polyproteins. [1] The frameshift occurs due to wobble pairing. The Gibbs free energy of secondary structures downstream give a hint at how often frameshift happens. [7] Tension on the mRNA molecule also plays a role. [8] A list of slippery sequences found in animal viruses is available from Huang et al. [9]
An RNA virus is a virus characterized by a ribonucleic acid based genome. [1] The genome can be single-stranded RNA ( ssRNA ) or double-stranded ( dsRNA ). [ 2 ] Notable human diseases caused by RNA viruses include influenza , SARS , MERS , COVID-19 , Dengue virus , hepatitis C , hepatitis E , West Nile fever , Ebola virus disease , rabies ...
Viruses force the cell to make new proteins that the cell does not need, but are needed for the virus to reproduce. Protein synthesis consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. [34] Transcription is the process where information in DNA, called the genetic code, is used to produce RNA copies called messenger RNA (mRNA).
Positive-strand RNA virus genomes usually contain relatively few genes, usually between three and ten, including an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. [4] Coronaviruses have the largest known RNA genomes, between 27 and 32 kilobases in length, and likely possess replication proofreading mechanisms in the form of an exoribonuclease within nonstructural protein nsp14.
A normal mRNA starts and ends with sections that do not code for amino acids of the actual protein. These sequences at the 5′ and 3′ ends of an mRNA strand are called untranslated regions (UTRs). The two UTRs at their strand ends are essential for the stability of an mRNA and also of a modRNA as well as for the efficiency of translation, i ...
Poliovirus mRNA uses a cloverleaf section towards its 5' end to bind PCBP2, which binds poly(A)-binding protein, forming the familiar mRNA-protein-mRNA circle. Barley yellow dwarf virus has binding between mRNA segments on its 5' end and 3' end (called kissing stem loops), circularizing the mRNA without any proteins involved.
An example of a Class III viral fusion protein is the rabies virus glycoprotein, G. [6] Class IV: Class IV viral fusion proteins are fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins. They do not form trimers of hairpins or hairpin structures themselves, and they are the smallest known viral fusion proteins.