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In graph theory, the degree of a vertex is its number of connections. In a chemical graph, the maximum degree of an atom is its valence, and the maximum number of bonds a chemical element can make. For example, carbon's valence is 4. In a chemical graph, an atom is saturated if it reaches its valence.
Pourbaix diagram of iron. [1] The Y axis corresponds to voltage potential. In electrochemistry, and more generally in solution chemistry, a Pourbaix diagram, also known as a potential/pH diagram, E H –pH diagram or a pE/pH diagram, is a plot of possible thermodynamically stable phases (i.e., at chemical equilibrium) of an aqueous electrochemical system.
Sources: "the DENDRAL program contains a structure GENERATOR as its core, abundantly constrained by a set of relevant heuristics. The GENERATOR is built upon a consideration of the conventional structure representation as a topological graph, i.e., the connectivity relations of a set of chemical atoms taken as nodes.
The Google Chart API allows a variety of graphs to be created. Livegap Charts creates line, bar, spider, polar-area and pie charts, and can export them as images without needing to download any tools. Veusz is a free scientific graphing tool that can produce 2D and 3D plots. Users can use it as a module in Python.
An ion network is an interconnected network or structure composed of ions in a solution. The term "ion network" was coined by Cho and coworkers in 2014. [1] The notion of extended ion aggregates in electrolyte solutions, however, can be found in an earlier report. [2]
where z is the electrical charge on the ion, I is the ionic strength, ε and b are interaction coefficients and m and c are concentrations. The summation extends over the other ions present in solution, which includes the ions produced by the background electrolyte. The first term in these expressions comes from Debye–Hückel theory.
Diagram of ion concentrations and charge across a semi-permeable cellular membrane. An electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane.
A current–voltage characteristic or I–V curve (current–voltage curve) is a relationship, typically represented as a chart or graph, between the electric current through a circuit, device, or material, and the corresponding voltage, or potential difference, across it.