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It is a form of method dispatch, which describes how a language or environment will select which implementation of a method or function to use. [1] Examples are templates in C++, and generic programming in Fortran and other languages, in conjunction with function overloading (including operator overloading).
Method chaining, also known as named parameter idiom, is a common syntax for invoking multiple method calls in object-oriented programming languages. Each method returns an object, allowing the calls to be chained together in a single statement without requiring variables to store the intermediate results.
Hence it is the original receiver entity that is the start of method lookup even though it has passed on control to some other object (through a delegation link, not an object reference). Delegation has the advantage that it can take place at run time and affect only a subset of entities of some type and can even be removed at run time.
In C++, late binding (also called "dynamic binding") refers to what normally happens when the virtual keyword is used in a method's declaration. C++ then creates a so-called virtual table , which is a look-up table for such functions that will always be consulted when they are called.
Access modifiers (or access specifiers) are keywords in object-oriented languages that set the accessibility of classes, methods, and other members. Access modifiers are a specific part of programming language syntax used to facilitate the encapsulation of components. [1] In C++, there are only three access modifiers.
The C++ Standard Library includes the Standard Template Library or STL that provides a framework of templates for common data structures and algorithms. Templates in C++ may also be used for template metaprogramming, which is a way of pre-evaluating some of the code at compile-time rather than run-time.
The C++ Standard Library is based upon conventions introduced by the Standard Template Library (STL), and has been influenced by research in generic programming and developers of the STL such as Alexander Stepanov and Meng Lee. [4] [5] Although the C++ Standard Library and the STL share many features, neither is a strict superset of the other.
The NAG Library has C++ API; NTL is a C++ library for number theory. OpenFOAM is an open-source C++ library for solving partial differential equations in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). SU2 code is an open-source library for solving partial differential equations with the finite volume or finite element method.