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A grey system means that a system in which part of information is known and part of information is unknown. Formally, grey systems theory describes uncertainty by interval-valued unknowns called grey numbers , with the width of the interval reflecting more or less precise knowledge. [ 3 ]
The social function of communication is to maintain equilibrium in the social system by keeping the different orientations in balance. [103] In Newcomb's words, communication enables "two or more individuals to maintain simultaneous orientation to each other and towards objects of the external environment". [ 98 ]
Let : where we assume in the typical case that = = {,} and = {,}.Alice holds an -bit string while Bob holds an -bit string .By communicating to each other one bit at a time (adopting some communication protocol which is agreed upon in advance), Alice and Bob wish to compute the value of (,) such that at least one party knows the value at the end of the communication.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 27 January 2025. Transmission of information For other uses, see Communication (disambiguation). "Communicate" redirects here. For other uses, see Communicate (disambiguation). There are many forms of communication, including human linguistic communication using sounds, sign language, and writing as well ...
A complex system is a system composed of many components which may interact with each other. [1] Examples of complex systems are Earth's global climate, organisms, the human brain, infrastructure such as power grid, transportation or communication systems, complex software and electronic systems, social and economic organizations (like cities), an ecosystem, a living cell, and, ultimately, for ...
Barnlund's model of intrapersonal communication. The green, blue, and grey areas symbolize different types of cues. The orange arrows represent that the person decodes certain cues. The yellow arrow is their behavioral response. Intrapersonal communication is a special form of communication since it does not involve a second person.
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In 1993, the communication scholars Denis McQuail and Sven Windahl referred to Lasswell's model as "perhaps the most famous single phrase in communication research." [ 18 ] McQuail and Windahl also considered the model as a formula that would be transformed into a model once boxes were drawn around each element and arrows connected the elements.